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Whether you need information on prevention, treatment, or diagnosis, the Cleveland Clinic gives a comprehensive overview of pilonidal cysts. You’ll find answers to common questions about this condition, as well as other helpful wellness information. Pilonidal disease is diagnosed clinically, through history and physical, and the treatment is surgical. If there is concern for other differential diagnoses, imaging modalities can be used. It can also represent other soft tissue infections like folliculitis, furuncles, or carbuncles.
Common Questions & Answers
A pilonidal cyst is a pus or fluid-filled sac that develops just above or inside the groove between the buttocks. In some cases, it can lead to the creation of a tunnel called a pilonidal sinus. If you have questions, concerns, or need a diagnosis, you can speak with an online dermatologist anytime, anywhere. Diagnosing pilonidal disease is clinical, and no further labs, tests, or imaging is required. However, imaging may be helpful in cases where the diagnosis is less clear. If the wound is large, your healthcare provider may need to close it up with stitches.
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Surgical cyst removal
A pilonidal sinus is a small hole or tunnel in the skin that can easily become infected. It typically forms in the cleft at the top of the buttocks. The first few days after pilonidal cyst surgery can be uncomfortable. Since the wound is by your tailbone, it may be difficult to sit or find a comfortable position.
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Your healthcare provider will advise you on whether you need to make any alterations to your current medications. Certain drugs can interfere with medical procedures and should not be taken prior to any surgery. In particular, blood thinners may cause problems with blood clotting during surgery. Your healthcare provider will instruct you on whether you will need to stop eating and drinking before the procedure.
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The evidence that permanent hair removal might help lower the risk of a cyst returning is considered weak. It’s important to ask questions when getting treated for a pilonidal cyst. With shared decision-making, you should be told what options are available for treatment and the potential complications.
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These cysts are usually caused by a skin infection and they often have ingrown hairs inside. During World War II, pilonidal cysts were often called "Jeep driver's disease” because they’re more common in people who sit often. A pilonidal cyst can be extremely painful especially when sitting.
These tips can help you control psoriasis and feel comfortable in your skin. Atopic dermatitis, a common form of eczema, is linked to anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder, according to research from Yale. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. The pathophysiology is mostly unknown; the etiology is thought to be related to trapped hair follicles (as noted above). The doctor will also assess the person’s family medical history.
Causes of Pilonidal Cysts
There are numerous treatment modalities and treatment combinations. There is no single best treatment modality, and treatment must be individually tailored to the patient. If you prefer a more permanent solution, laser hair removal or electrolysis may be a better option. A small study of 60 patients found post-surgical laser hair removal significantly reduces the risk of recurring pilonidal disease. Further research has shown that laser treatments to control hair growth are more effective than repeated surgical treatments. This is also done using local anesthesia and may be performed in the healthcare provider's office, an outpatient surgical center, or an emergency room setting.
Symptoms of a pilonidal cyst
Pilonidal cysts occur when a pilonidal sinus, a small hole or indentation in the skin, becomes infected. This typically happens when hair or other debris fills the sinus. Pilonidal cysts tend to occur on a person’s lower back, just above the cleft of the buttocks. The timeline for healing after pilonidal cyst surgery varies based on how the surgery was performed. If your wound was stitched closed, complete healing usually takes four weeks, while wounds left open to drain can take months to completely heal. Surgery is not usually the first treatment option your healthcare provider will recommend for a pilonidal cyst.
Follow these directions carefully to avoid an infection or recurrence. Pilonidal cysts also have a high risk of reoccurrence after treatment. Certain types of sports, such as swimming, running, soccer, hockey, and baseball, may also worsen pilonidal sinus disease. This may be due to these sports' movements, such as deep knee bends and repeated stopping and starting.
You also run the risk of developing an infection or leaving a scar. You will need to clean 2 or more times per day until healed. You may need to clean the area for several weeks using a cotton gauze/pad. You may also need to shave around the surgical wound to prevent hairs from lying in the wound. A pilonidal (Pie-low-NIE-dul) cyst is an abnormal pocket or pit that may contain hair and skin debris.
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